Some Important Notes about Madhvanama


By Shri Kesava Rao Tadipatri.

Rangoli by Smt.Padmini Rao,Coimbatore


Madhvanama Critical edition - Lyrics:
English
Kannada
Devanagari
Telugu
Tamil
Audio - Sung by Smt.Shubha & Shri Sheshagiri Rao,TX
Youtube link 

Chandas: 
This composition “MadhvanAma” is ChatuShpadi and has a meter known as “SaraLa RagaLe”, which is a kind of mixture of other RagaLes like “lalita RagaLe”(Each syllable group has 5 mAtras), “MandAnila RagaLe”(Each syllable group has 4 mAtras), “UtsAha RagaLe”(Each syllable group has 3 mAtras).

In this composition, each poem has 4 pAdas. The first and third Padas have four groups of five mAtras each. The second and fourth Padas have two groups of five mAtras and two groups with three and four mAtras or four and three mAtras or five and four mAtras. This also has prAsa-niyama - a rule where the second letter of all four pAdas of any verse has same consonant form.

For helping out with accurate recitation, in each pAda, the first and second group are separated by a single dash and similarly third and fourth as well. The second and third group are separated by double dash. Also note that even if the last letter of second and fourth pAda are written as short, they are treated as long only and the natural singing mode does that as well. But the last letter of first and third pAdas is short or long as per what is written. Interestingly this has 32 verses, which symbolically represents 32 sAmudrika lakShaNas of Vayudeva, which he had in all his incarnations.

How this critical edition is made:
This critical edition is made keeping in view two things - one is the above mentioned meter (Count of the mAtras and the prAsa-niyama or rule that second letter of each pAda has same consonant) and second is artha-anusandhAna.

1. Samples for Corrections Made Using Meter: 
Verse - 2 : 
Avavanu- dEhada oLa--horage ni-yAmakanu 
ಆವವನು- ದೇಹದ ಒಳ--ಹೊರಗೆ ನಿ-ಯಾಮಕನು 
This is supposed to have 10 mAtras in the first part and 10 mAtras in the second part. This has one extra mAtra (11 mAtras) in “Avavanu dEhada oLa” and one less mAtra (9 mAtras) in “horage niyAmakanu”. If one tries to split into 10 each, then “La” gets moved to second part and it is difficult to pause in between “dEhada o” and “La horage” to correct mAtra count.

So this is replaced by 
Avavanu- dEhadoLa--horage nI-yAmakanu 
ಆವವನು- ದೇಹದೊಳ--ಹೊರಗೆ ನೀ-ಯಾಮಕನು

Verse - 3 : 
karaNAbhi-mAni -- suraru dE-havA biDalu 
ಕರಣಾಭಿ-ಮಾನಿ -- ಸುರರು ದೇ-ಹವಾ ಬಿಡಲು 
The first part “karaNAbhi-mAni” has two mAtras less (only 8 mAtras) and the second part “suraru dE-havA biDalu” has one mAtra more (11 mAtras) and rearranging mAtras still does not balance.

So this is replaced by 
karaNAbhi-mAnigaLu -- suraru dE-hava biDalu
ಕರಣಾಭಿ-ಮಾನಿಗಳು -- ಸುರರು ದೇ-ಹವ ಬಿಡಲು

Verse - 21 :
chaMDavi-kramanu gade--gonDu raNa-dI bhU 
ಚಂಡವಿ-ಕ್ರಮನು ಗದೆ--ಗೊಂಡು ರಣ-ದೀ ಭೂ
The second part “gonDu raNa-dI bhU” has one mAtra less (only 9 mAtras).

So this is replaced by
chaMDavi-kramanu gade--gonDu raNa-dalli bhU
ಚಂಡವಿ-ಕ್ರಮನು ಗದೆ--ಗೊಂಡು ರಣ-ದಲ್ಲಿ ಭೂ

Verse - 31 :
putrari-lladavaru -- satputra-raiduvaru
sarvatradali- digvijaya--vahudu sakalA
ಪುತ್ರರಿ-ಲ್ಲದವರು -- ಸತ್ಪುತ್ರ-ರೈದುವರು
ಸರ್ವತ್ರದಲಿ- ದಿಗ್ವಿಜಯ--ವಹುದು- ಸಕಲಾ
The first part of first line has one mAtra less (9 mAtras). The first part of second line has two mAtras more (12 mAtras). Also this violates prAsa rule (rva is different from tra). For maintaining prAsa, if sa is moved to prior line, then it will look like -
putrari-lladavaru sa-- tputrarai-duvaru sa-
rvatradali- digvijaya--vahudu sakalA
ಪುತ್ರರಿ-ಲ್ಲದವರು ಸ--ತ್ಪುತ್ರರೈ-ದುವರು ಸ-
ರ್ವತ್ರದಲಿ- ದಿಗ್ವಿಜಯ--ವಹುದು- ಸಕಲಾ

Then the first part of first line has one mAtra more (11 mAtras, note that “sa” in satputra is guru, being before samyuktAkshara tpu). To correct all these issues, this is replaced by 
putrari-lladaru sa--tputrarai-duvaru sa-
rvatradali- digvijaya--vahudu sakalA
ಪುತ್ರರಿ-ಲ್ಲದರು ಸ--ತ್ಪುತ್ರರೈ-ದುವರು ಸ-
ರ್ವತ್ರದಲಿ- ದಿಗ್ವಿಜಯ--ವಹುದು- ಸಕಲಾ

2. Samples for Corrections Made using Artha-anusandhAna:
Verse - 6 :
 When Hanumanta took pATha from the Sun god, he did not do any composition, but did the study. Just as the Omniscient Lord Krishna studied under SandIpani as mArga darshana, Lord Hanuman, who is the incarnation of MukhyaprANa did his studies under the Sun god. So the word “paThisi” is used instead of some popular readings of “rachisi”. 
So the part - 
taraNigabhi-mukhanAgi-- shabdashA-strava rachisi
ತರಣಿಗಭಿ-ಮುಖನಾಗಿ-- ಶಬ್ದಶಾ-ಸ್ತ್ರವ ರಚಿಸಿ

is replaced by 
taraNigabhi-mukhanAgi-- shabdashA-strava paThisi
ತರಣಿಗಭಿ-ಮುಖನಾಗಿ-- ಶಬ್ದಶಾ-ಸ್ತ್ರವ ಪಠಿಸಿ

Verse - 18 :
 The word “orisi” is important in the following as otherwise “avananvayava” hangs lose without any action for that. 
“garaDi mane-yaLLI -- barasi ava-nanvayava”
 ಗರಡಿ ಮನೆ-ಯಲ್ಲೀ -- ಬರಸಿ ಅವ-ನನ್ವಯವ
This has both mAtra count issue and artha-issue. The first part has one mAtra less (only 9 mAtras) and second part does not have any reference to “avananvayava” like “orisi”.

So this is replaced by -
“garaDi mane-yoLu(yali) barasi-- orisi avananvayava” 
ಗರಡಿ ಮನೆ-ಯೋಳು(ಯಲಿ) ಬರಸಿ-- ಒರಿಸಿ ಅವ-ನನ್ವಯವ

Verse - 19 :
 This verse describes how Bhima emulated the act of Sri LakShmI Narasimha. Just as Vira Sri Narasimha tore HiraNyakashipu’s heart, Bhima tore DushshAsana’s heart. So the word should be “edegeDahi”, but not “eDegeDahi”.
vairi du-shshAsanana-- raNadalli- eDegeDahi
ವೈರಿ ದು-ಶ್ಶಾಸನನ-- ರಣದಲ್ಲಿ- ಎಡೆಗೆಡಹಿ

is replaced by 
vairi du-shshAsanana-- raNadalli- edegeDahi
 ವೈರಿ ದು-ಶ್ಶಾಸನನ-- ರಣದಲ್ಲಿ- ಎದೆಗೆಡಹಿ

False Popular story: 
The following is just a point to note regarding a false and very popular episode that is not present in ValmIki Ramayana or MadhvanAma or any authentic work and is retold all over India and falsely mentioned by many that Valmiki wrote like that. Claiming that Valmiki wrote is greater sin than fabricating such an episode that attributes a huge flaw to the Supreme Being and Hanuman as well. People falsely thought that it extols Hanuman. What a pity!

Verse - 11 :
There is an extremely popular and absurd story that HanumAn bit the beads of the pearl necklace given by Sita devi, being unable to find Sri Rama in there, which calls for the flaw of either the Lord not being Omnipresent or HanumAn being unable to see His Omnipresence. Added to that a question pops up as to why did he not do this biting business for the ornaments (like KUNdalas that he wore) or the garments that he wore. Then he tears his own heart and shows Sri Rama to others in his heart. That absurd rendering must have been a recount springing from some immature thought process, which failed to see that the Lord is present inside and outside everything. If a gift is granted by Sita devi, Lord Hanuman would surely treasure that with all his heart not due to desire for the ornament, but due to the respect for any object given by the Universal mother.

In accordance with Valmiki Ramayana, Sri Sripadarajaru says - “bhajisi mauktikada hAravanu paDedA”. There is no mention of biting the pearls and/or showing Sri Rama in his heart in this or Valmiki Ramayana.

Missing verses: 
Also in the popular rendering by the famous singers, two verses are missing, which are included in this critical edition. They are -
nArirO-dana kELi-- manamarugi- gurusutana
hArhiDidu- shiroratna-- kitti- tegedA
nIroLaDa-gidda du-ryOdhanana- horageDahi
Uruyuga- tanna gade--yiMda- muridA || 22 ||

ನಾರಿರೋ-ದನ ಕೇಳಿ-- ಮನಮರುಗಿ- ಗುರುಸುತನ
ಹಾರ್ಹಿಡಿದು- ಶಿರೊರತ್ನ-- ಕಿತ್ತಿ- ತೆಗೆದಾ
ನೀರೊಳಡ-ಗಿದ್ದ ದು-ರ್ಯೋಧನನ- ಹೊರಗೆಡಹಿ
ಊರುಯುಗ- ತನ್ನ ಗದೆ--ಯಿಂದ- ಮುರಿದಾ || 22 ||

EkaviM-shati kubhA--ShyagaLa bE-ranu taridu
shrIkarA-rchitanolume-- shAstra- rachisi
lOkatra-yadoLidda-- suraru A-lisuvaMte
A kamala-nAbhayati-- nikara-goredA || 26 ||

ಏಕವಿಂ-ಶತಿ ಕುಭಾ--ಷ್ಯಗಳ ಬೇ-ರನು ತರಿದು
ಶ್ರೀಕರಾ-ರ್ಚಿತನೊಳುಮೆ-- ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ- ರಚಿಸಿ
ಲೋಕತ್ರ-ಯದೊಳಿದ್ದ-- ಸುರರು ಆ-ಲಿಸುವಂತೆ
ಆ ಕಮಲ-ನಾಭಯತಿ-- ನಿಕರ-ಗೊರೆದಾ || 26 ||

Shri Krishnarpanamastu !!

Link to Shri Madhvacharya page

Comments

  1. SuveerMarch 30, 2020 at 5:19 PM

    Dear Sir, I know your blogs really helping us with lyrics etc in pdf format but it will be good if you can make your watermark little lighter shade. currently it distracts the reader since the fonts are in darker shade. Thanks

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